Oscar-winning director Jonathan Demme, known for ‘Silence of the Lambs,’ dies at 73

Oscar-winning director Jonathan Demme, whose creative restlessness and wide-ranging curiosity about all facets of the human condition animated such diverse films as 'Something Wild,” 'Stop Making Sense,” 'The Silence of the Lambs” and 'Philadelphia,” died Wednesday.

Demme died of complications from esophageal cancer in his Manhattan apartment surrounded by his wife, Joanne Howard, and three children, representatives for his family said. He was 73.

The broadness of Demme's vision was readily apparent in the range of subject matters and genres he tackled throughout his nearly 50-year directing career. Few filmmakers in Hollywood were as difficult to pin down or pigeonhole.

Equally facile with comedies, dramas, thrillers and documentaries, Demme earned a reputation early on as an actor's director and had success with broadly appealing studio films and smaller, quirkier indie fare. He could find as much to fascinate him in a cannibalistic serial killer like Hannibal Lecter as in a concert by rock band Talking Heads, a Mafia wife or a gas station owner who claimed to have been a beneficiary of Howard Hughes.

As Demme rose to prominence in the 1980s, a number of younger directors drew inspiration from his keen eye and big-heartedness - what critic Pauline Kael, in a review in the New Yorker of 1980's 'Melvin and Howard,” called his 'sympathetic imagination” - including Wes Anderson, Alexander Payne and Paul Thomas Anderson.

Demme earned the directing Oscar for his most commercially successful - and in some ways most anomalous - film, the 1991 horror-thriller 'The Silence of the Lambs.” Centering on an icy, murderous sociopath played by Anthony Hopkins and a young female FBI agent played by Jodie Foster, the film grossed $272 million worldwide and is the only movie in the horror genre to have won the Academy Award for best picture.

Demme leveraged that success to make the 1993 drama 'Philadelphia,” one of the first mainstream studio films to take on the AIDS epidemic, homosexuality and homophobia. Tom Hanks earned the lead actor Oscar for his performance in the film as a gay lawyer who sues his firm for wrongful dismissal after he is diagnosed with AIDS.

Born Feb. 22, 1944, in a suburb of New York, Demme got his first footing in Hollywood as a publicist before going on to apprentice for producer Roger Corman, whose low-budget B-movie empire would prove a fertile breeding ground for a number of directors of Demme's generation, including Martin Scorsese, Francis Ford Coppola and Ron Howard.

After co-writing and producing the exploitation films 'Angels Hard as They Come” and 'The Hot Box,” Demme made his directorial debut with the 1974 women-in-prison picture 'Caged Heat.” He would soon graduate to more elevated fare, earning critical raves for his commercial breakthrough, the dramedy 'Melvin and Howard,” which was inspired by the real-life story of a Utah gas station owner who was listed as a beneficiary in a will allegedly written by billionaire Howard Hughes.

But Demme's affinity for stories centered on strong, complicated women would remain a constant in his career - a fascination that he traced back to his own mother, Dorothy Louise Rogers, whom he placed in bit parts in some of his films.

'I've always been a sucker for a story where someone sets a reasonably heroic task for themselves and eventually achieves their goal,” he told the Los Angeles Times in 1988. 'I admire it whether it's a man or woman who does it, though I guess it's more appealing when a woman does it because it's so much tougher for women to achieve things in a male world. Maybe some of that attitude comes from the fact that I've always been so proud of my mother. She was an alcoholic who quit drinking when I was very young. And she went on to really help people through Alcoholics Anonymous.”

Indeed, throughout his career Demme was often drawn to stories of women battling steep odds and internal demons, whether it was Foster's Clarice Starling in 'The Silence of the Lambs,” Anne Hathaway's troubled young alcoholic in 2008's 'Rachel Getting Married” or Meryl Streep's aging rock star in the 2015 dramedy 'Ricki and the Flash,” which would be Demme's last major studio film.

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While some directors would have been attracted to Thomas Harris' bestselling novel 'The Silence of the Lambs” primarily for the lurid appeal of its serial killers Hannibal Lecter and 'Buffalo Bill” (who skins his victims alive), it was the flinty heroine FBI agent Clarice Starling who most drew Demme to the tale.

'I'm pulling for women,” he told the Los Angeles Times in 1991 in the run-up to the film's release. 'I've got enough estrogen in me to identify with women. I don't have any difficulty with that.”

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Even as he ranged across a startling variety of genres, Demme would return again and again to certain key interests, including music, politics and oddball Americana.

Demme considered music his first love. His first film credit was as music coordinator on a 1970 thriller called 'Sudden Terror,” and throughout his career he would take obvious delight over selecting just the right song to capture the mood of a scene, from Sister Carol's reggae-inflected take on the Troggs' 'Wild Thing” in the 1986 dark comedy 'Something Wild” to the mournful ballad 'Streets of Philadelphia,” which Demme asked Bruce Springsteen to write for 'Philadelphia” and would go on to earn the Oscar for original song as well as four Grammy Awards including song of the year.

Over the years, Demme directed a number of music videos and documentaries on such artists as Neil Young, Kenny Chesney and Justin Timberlake. But his passion for fusing sound and image found its purest expression in the 1984 Talking Heads concert film 'Stop Making Sense.” Among the most acclaimed concert movies ever made, the film devoted such unblinking focus to capturing the band's energetic and mesmerizing performance that Demme deliberated refrained from showing the audience until the final moments.

Demme was also among the most politically engaged of major Hollywood directors, unafraid to publicly align himself with causes from which others may have shied away. In 1981, he shot a series of ads for the liberal advocacy group People for the American Way, and in 1985 he directed a music video for Artists United Against Apartheid, which called for a boycott of the South African luxury resort Sun City.

In later years Demme lent his support to Democracy for Haiti. and in 2007 he directed the documentary 'Man From Plains,” chronicling former President Jimmy Carter's book tour across America to publicize his book 'Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid.”

Never one to rest in one spot for long, as the major studios shifted away from the kinds of offbeat, character-focused stories he most loved to tell, Demme increasingly turned his attention elsewhere in recent years, whether it was smaller-scale independent films, documentaries or television productions. His final work, an episode of the Fox drama series 'Shots Fired” that he directed, is set to air Wednesday night.

Demme, whose first marriage to Evelyn Purcell ended in divorce, is survived by his wife and three children, Brooklyn, Ramona and Jos.

While his fondness for eccentric characters and off-the-beaten-track stories may have kept him from the uppermost ranks of Hollywood's blockbuster-minded totem pole for much of his career, Demme never wavered in his belief that his job as a filmmaker was ultimately both to enlighten and to entertain.

'It's a tremendously important part of the director's job to try to fashion the script at hand to the broadest dynamic possible,” he told The Times in 1988. 'I'm still interested in movies that say something about the human condition in these troubled times in a way that really touches people when they see it. But also in a fashion that can be called entertaining.”