Children with COVID-19 treated in hospitals in record numbers

The omicron-fueled surge that is sending COVID-19 cases rocketing in the United States is putting children in the hospital in record numbers — and experts lament that most of the youngsters are not vaccinated.

"It's just so heartbreaking," said Dr. Paul Offit, an infectious-disease expert at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. "It was hard enough last year, but now you know that you have a way to prevent all this."

During the week of Dec. 22-28, an average of 378 children age 17 and under were admitted per day to hospitals with the coronavirus, a 66 percent increase from the week before, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Thursday.

The previous high over the course of the pandemic was in early September, when child hospitalizations averaged 342 per day, the CDC said.

In Iowa, according to figures released Wednesday by state public health officials, 16 children were hospitalized with COVID-19 in the state — all unvaccinated. That was up twice as much as the eight children reported a weekly earlier; but it was down slightly from the 19 children in Iowa hospitals at the beginning of December.

In most recent seven-day averages, children 17 and younger accounted for 14 percent of all new cases, Iowa officials said.

On a more hopeful note, children continue to represent a small percentage of those being hospitalized with COVID-19.

An average of nearly 10,200 people of all ages were admitted per day during the same week in December in the United States. And many doctors say the youngsters seem less sick than those who came in during the delta surge over the summer.

Two months after vaccinations were approved for 5- to 11-year-olds, about 14 percent are fully protected, CDC data shows. The rate is higher for 12- to 17-year-olds, at about 53 percent.

A study released Thursday by the CDC confirmed that serious side effects from the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine in children ages 5 to 11 are rare. The findings were based on approximately 8 million doses dispensed to youngsters in that age group.

Dr. Albert Ko, professor of epidemiology and infectious diseases at the Yale School of Public Health, noted that the low vaccination rate is, in part, a matter of timing: Younger children were not approved for the vaccine until November, and many are only now coming up on their second dose.

Offit said none of the vaccine-eligible children receiving care at his hospital about a week ago had been vaccinated, even though two-thirds had underlying conditions that put them at risk either chronic lung disease or, more commonly, obesity. Only one at the Philadelphia hospital was under the vaccination age of 5.

The scenes are heart-rending.

"They're struggling to breathe, coughing, coughing, coughing," Offit said. "A handful were sent to the ICU to be sedated. We put the attachment down their throat that's attached to a ventilator, and the parents are crying."

None of the parents or siblings was vaccinated, either, he said.

Aria Shapiro, 6, spent her 12th day Thursday at Phoenix Children's Hospital. She tested positive for COVID-19 after getting her first dose of the vaccine Dec. 17.

Aria, who is considered "medically fragile" because she has epilepsy, suffered prolonged seizures in the hospital, and a breathing tube had to be put down her throat at one point, though she has since improved.

"We lived our life in for two years to prevent her from getting COVID, finally went for the vax, and the one thing that we didn't want to happen happened," said her mother, Sarah Shapiro. "It wasn't enough time for her body to build antibodies. She did end up getting COVID."

Overall, new COVID-19 cases in Americans of all ages have skyrocketed to the highest levels on record: an average of 300,000 per day, or 2 1/2 times the figure just two weeks ago. The highly contagious omicron accounted for 59 percent of new cases last week, according to the CDC.

Still, there are early indications that the variant causes milder illness than previous versions, and that the combination of the vaccine and the booster seems to protect people from the worst.

In California, 80 COVID-19-infected children were admitted to the hospital during the week of Dec. 20-26, compared with 50 in the last week of November, health officials said.

Seattle Children's also reported a bump in the number of children admitted over the past week. And while they are less seriously ill than those hospitalized over the summer, Dr. John McGuire cautioned that it is early in the omicron wave, and the full effects will become apparent over the next several weeks.

New York health authorities have also sounded the alarm.

The number of children admitted to the hospital per week in New York City with COVID-19 went from 22 to 109 between Dec. 5 and Dec. 24. Across all of New York state, it went from 70 to 184.

"A fourfold increase makes everybody jump with concern, but it's a small percentage," Ko said of the New York City figures. "Children have a low risk of being hospitalized, but those who do are unvaccinated."

Dr. Al Sacchetti, chief of emergency services at Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center in Camden, N.J., likewise said vaccinated children are handling the omicron outbreak extremely well.

"It makes a big difference in how these kids tolerate the disease, particularly if the child's got some medical issues," he said.

COVID-19 deaths have proved rare among children over the course of the pandemic. As of last week, 721 in the United States had died of the disease, according to data reported to the American Academy of Pediatrics. The overall U.S. death toll is more than 800,000.

Almost 199,000 child COVID-19 cases were reported during the week of Dec. 16-23, the pediatrics group said. That was about 20 percent of the more than 950,000 total cases recorded that week.

While many of these children will recover at home, they may have contact with others who are at much greater risk, said Dr. Jason Terk, a pediatrician in North Texas. He cared for a 10-year-old boy with COVID-19 who managed the disease well, but his father got sick and died, he said.

"The death of a parent is devastating, but the toxic stress for a young person in this situation is difficult to measure," he said